cubic yard calculator

1. Explain the concept of reciprocal lattice. Discuss its properties. What is its importance?2. Derive the Bragg conditions in terms of the reciprocal lattice vectors. (Raj., 1974)3. Explain the concept of Brillouin zones. Give the construction of the first Brillouin zone of an oblique lattice in two dimensions.4. Show that the reciprocal lattice of a simple cubic lattice is another simple cubic lattice. Hence deduce the first Brillouin zone of the simple cubic crystal lattice.5. Show that the reciprocal lattice for a body centred cubic crystal is face centred cubic.(Raj., 1974; Jodhpur, 1968)6. What do you mean by reciprocal lattice? Calculate the reciprocal lattice for a direct fee lattice. What is meant by first Brillouin Zone? (Delhi, 1983)7. Discuss the origin of the geometrical structure factor and the atomic scattering factor in x-ray diffraction and derive suitable mathematical expressions for them. What is the importance of the geometrical structure factor in the analysis of the crystal structures? (Raj., 1977)8. Explain the origin of van der Waals forces in molecular crystal. Show that for van der Waals forces the interaction energy varies as 1 / Rf\ where R is the separation of two interacting atoms.(Raj., 1984)9. Define Cohesive energy and determine its value for crystals of inert gases.10. Obtain the binding energy of an ionic crystal and derive the expression for the Madelung constant. Calculate the value of this constant for a linear ionic lattice. (Raj., 1970)11. Obtain an expression for the total cohesive energy of an ionic crystal in terms of Madelung constant and other parameters.12. State and prove Bloch theorem.13. Discuss the Kronig-Penny model for a linear lattice. How does it lead to formation of energy bands in solid? (Raj., 1983)14. Give Kronig -Penney model of electron in a periodic potential. What are its consequences?(Rohilkand, 1993, 92, 91; Meerut, 1993)